Which real-world relationship is best modeled as 'One-to-Many'?

1. A Students and Classes, where an individual student can enroll in multiple subjects, and each subject can contain many distinct students.
2. B Person and Passport, where each individual is legally assigned exactly one passport, and that passport cannot be shared by another.
3. C Author and Books, where a single author can create many distinct titles, while each individual book is typically associated with one primary creator.
4. D Vehicle and VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), where every unique car is manufactured with exactly one permanent identifier.